LESSON 1: Types of energy

To understand that energy can be neither created nor destroyed
To understand that energy sources are all around us
To be able to work out where energy comes from in a number of different circumstances

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Work through the circus of energy experiments using the workcards or worksheets

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

Circus of energy experiments

SAFETY CODE: 6L 3L

RESOURCES:

Where does energy come from worksheets

HOMEWORK: Evaluate the statement: When we burn a fuel we create energy and then it disappears again

EXTENSION WORK: What is the Chaos Theory and how does the word entropy fit in with the theory?

LESSON 3: Energy transfers and change

KEY WORDS: energy transfer, energy changer

KEY LEARNING SKILL: working in groups, problem solving

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To understand how machines can change one energy type into another
To be able to work out energy input and energy outcome for any device
To be able to construct energy flow diagrams

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Examine various sets of equipment and decide what energy changes take place and construct flow diagrams for the devices

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

motor
bulb
generator
flywheel and dynamo
springs
belts, levers, gears

SAFETY CODE: 6L 3L

RESOURCES:

Energy changers worksheet
Looking at energy changes worksheets
Starting Science book 1 page 24,25,26
Argos catalogues

HOMEWORK: Answer the questions on the worksheets

EXTENSION WORK: Explore the energy changes involved in a solid fuel power station and again in a nuclear power station

LESSON 4: Energy waste and efficiency

KEY WORDS: efficiency waste conversion energy loss

KEY LEARNING SKILL: numeracy

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To appreciate that the transfer of energy involves some energy loss
To understand that energy loss can be due to the production of unwanted types of energy
To be able to calculate efficiency using the formula:

Efficiency = useful energy out x 100%

total energy in

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Use the lead acid battery to show that not all of the energy put in comes out as useful energy
Discuss wasted energy in different mechanical systems eg. energy wasted in a car
Discuss the way energy is lost to the environment and the causes of wasted energy
Perform some efficiency calculations and say where the energy has gone

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

Lead acid battery, bulb, power pack
Sulphuric acid
stopwatches

SAFETY CODE: 2L

RESOURCES:

Efficiency worksheet

HOMEWORK: answer questions 4, 5 and 6 from the efficiency worksheet

EXTENSION WORK: Explain how car engines can be made more efficient and research the current moves made by car manufacturers to increase efficiency in a car

LESSON 5: The sun and fuels

KEY WORDS: fuel combustion

KEY LEARNING SKILL: communication, working in groups, problem solving

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To understand that a fuel is something that burns to release energy
To be able to design a fair test for comparing different fuels

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Observe the custard powder bang experiment
Discuss how we can measure the amount of energy given off by a fuel when it burns
Design a fair test for comparing different fuels

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

Custard powder, tin, candle, footpump
Bottles of different fuels, thermometers, stopwatches, measuring cylinders

SAFETY CODE: 2M

RESOURCES:

Starting science book 1 page 27, 28
Energy sources worksheets

HOMEWORK: Produce a powerpoint presentation to show the formation of fossil fuels and how the sun is the ultimate source of most of the world’s energy

EXTENSION WORK: work through the energy sources worksheet

LESSON 6: Assessed Practical

KEY WORDS: prediction method fair test results graph analysis evaluation

KEY LEARNING SKILL: numeracy, ICT

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To perform safely the test devised last lesson, collect results and draw a graph of the results

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Read through the method you wrote last lesson
Carry out the experiment making sure you work safely
Record the results in a table making sure you show the units of any measurements you make
Plot a graph of the results

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

Bottles of different fuels, thermometers, stopwatches, measuring cylinders
Temperature sensor, PC

SAFETY CODE: 2M

RESOURCES:

How to write up a science practical worksheet

HOMEWORK: Complete the analysis and evaluation sections of the practical write up

EXTENSION WORK: Produce a model to explain why different fuels produce different amounts of energy when burned

LESSON 7: Test on energy transfers, burning fuels and efficiency

KEY WORDS: all words used so far

KEY LEARNING SKILL: exam skills

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To do well in the test

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Read the questions before you answer them
Answer the questions carefully
Check your answers when you have finished

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

Energy test paper1

SAFETY CODE: N

RESOURCES:

Energy test paper1

HOMEWORK: What is meant by the term alternative energy sources?

LESSON 8,9,10; Alternative Energy Sources

KEY WORDS: fossil fuels renewable non-renewable wind water nuclear biomass biogas geothermal

KEY LEARNING SKILL: Independent learning, ICT

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To understand that fossil fuels are non-renewable and that there are alternatives that are renewable that must be explored if we are to continue to survive

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

You will produce a project booklet containing research information about fossil fuels and how they are non-renewable and how there are many other energy sources we can use to get the energy we need for everyday life
You may also wish to produce posters for display and a powerpoint presentation to share with other students

SAFETY CODE: N

RESOURCES:

Starting science books 1, 2 and 3

Wind Power

Any other sources of information including the internet and Encarta

HOMEWORK: Work on the project

EXTENSION WORK: Write to various energy industry bodies to gain information and different points of view regarding the worlds energy problem and its solutions

LESSON 11: Conduction

KEY WORDS: conduction

KEY LEARNING SKILL: communication, problem solving

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To understand how heat energy can move through an object by conduction

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Carry out the experiments on the worksheets Heat on the move and How well does heat flow 1 and 2

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

All equipment listed on the worksheets

SAFETY CODE: 6L

RESOURCES:

worksheets: Heat on the move and How well does heat flow 1 and 2
Starting science book 2 page 2

HOMEWORK: write an evaluation for each experiment you have carried out

EXTENSION WORK: How can the different conductive properties of various metals be used in industrial design?

LESSON 12: Convection

KEY WORDS: convection density expansion

KEY LEARNING SKILL: communication, group work, problem solving

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To understand how materials expand when they are heated
To understand that less dense fluids float upwards in a more dense fluid
To understand how heat energy can move by convection

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Discuss the three states of matter and how particles behave in each state
Carry out the experiments on the worksheets Heat on the move 3, 4, 5

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

All equipment listed on the worksheets

SAFETY CODE: 6L

RESOURCES:

Starting science book 2 page 5, 6, 7
worksheets Heat on the move 3, 4, 5

HOMEWORK: why is an immersion heater placed at the bottom of a hot water tank? Produce an animated powerpoint presentation to show how the system works in a central heating tank

LESSON 13: Radiation of heat

KEY WORDS: radiation radiator

KEY LEARNING SKILL: group work, problem solving, ICT

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To understand that heat energy can be transferred without the movement of particles and that this is called heat radiation
To understand that different surfaces will radiate heat by different amounts

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Design an experiment to test whether a white surface or a black surface will give out the most heat
Discuss absorption of heat by different surfaces
Discuss why different objects are different colours and textures and how the properties relate to heat loss by radiation – why are objects the colour they are – e.g. a car radiator, a fire suit

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

Bench lamps
Thermometers, PC, temperature sensor
Coloured paper and foil

SAFETY CODE: 3L

RESOURCES:

Starting science book 2 page 8, 9

HOMEWORK: Why do Arab men wear white clothing in summer and the women wear black clothing at that time of the year ?– refer to absorption and radiation in your answer

EXTENSION WORK: Produce a powerpoint presentation to show the difference between conduction convection and radiation

LESSON 14: Insulation

KEY WORDS: insulation heat loss efficiency

KEY LEARNING SKILL: working in groups, communication, problem solving

LESSON OBJECTIVES:

To understand the ideas involved in heat insulation
To be able to calculate the savings involved when a house is insulated in different ways

LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Discuss how we can prevent heat loss by using insulating materials
Produce a diagram of a living room with all the gheat insulating features labelled
Use the Where the heat escapes worksheet to calculate the saving involved when insulation is used in different parts of a house

PRACTICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDS:

Where the heat escapes worksheet

SAFETY CODE: N

HOMEWORK: Revise the complete module in preparation for the end of module test

EXTENSION WORK: What is a payback period? What are U-values and why are they important in the house construction industry?